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The Charter of a lodge is that lodge's document saying that a able to meet. It is given out but the Grand Lodge and will have the signatures of the leadership of the Grand Lodge during the year it was issued.

Where the By-Laws of the lodge regulate the lodge, the Book of Constitutions are rules of the Grand Lodge and thus are the overarching rules.

Ex. Each State has a constitution (By-laws) but the United States constitution (Book of Constitutions)…

The By-Laws of a Lodge state the meeting times and days for it's stated (monthly) communications (meetings) and how misconduct will be treated and other "governing" rules.

Reminds masons to circumscribe and keep us within bounds with all mankind.

The Square teaches masons to square their actions by the square of virtue.